is an improperly regulated cell cycle. name two reasons why cells can form causes uncontrolled cell division at the genetic level? the video clip. at the cellular level in this example, explain what occurs if the apc gene is mutated.26.normally, proto-oncogenes stimulate the cell cycle. what do mutated proto-oncogenes (i.e., oncogenes) cause?27.normally, tumor suppressor genes inhibit the cell cycle. what do mutated tumor suppressor genes cause?
Answers
23. There are two main reasons why cells can form tumours:
a) Genetic Mutations: Mutations in key genes that regulate cell growth and division can disrupt the normal cell cycle control mechanisms. These mutations can activate oncogenes (mutated proto-oncogenes) or inactivate tumor suppressor genes, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumour formation.
b) Epigenetic Changes: Epigenetic alterations refer to changes in gene expression patterns without changes in the underlying DNA sequence. These changes can be influenced by various factors such as environmental exposures, lifestyle choices, and aging. Epigenetic modifications can also contribute to the development of tumours by altering the expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation.
24. Uncontrolled cell division at the genetic level is primarily caused by mutations in genes that regulate cell cycle progression and cell growth. These mutations can occur in several ways, including:
a) Activation of Oncogenes: Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that help regulate cell growth and division. However, when these genes acquire mutations or other alterations, they can become oncogenes, which are capable of promoting excessive cell proliferation and inhibiting programmed cell death (apoptosis).
b) Inactivation of Tumor Suppressor Genes: Tumor suppressor genes normally act as "brakes" in the cell cycle, preventing uncontrolled cell division and promoting cell death when necessary. Mutations or deletions in these genes can lead to their inactivation, removing the restraints on cell growth and allowing cells to divide and proliferate uncontrollably.
25. However, assuming the APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) gene is mutated, it is important to note that the APC gene is a tumor suppressor gene involved in regulating the cell cycle and cell adhesion. Mutations in the APC gene are commonly associated with the development of colorectal cancer.
If the APC gene is mutated, it can lead to a loss of normal APC protein function. The APC protein plays a crucial role in controlling the degradation of β-catenin, a protein involved in cell adhesion and signalling pathways that regulate cell division.
When the APC gene is mutated, β-catenin is not effectively degraded, leading to its accumulation in the cell. Increased levels of β-catenin can activate target genes that promote cell proliferation and contribute to the formation of tumours.
26. Mutated proto-oncogenes, known as oncogenes, can cause several effects on the cell cycle and cell growth. These mutated genes have gained the ability to promote excessive cell proliferation and inhibit cell death (apoptosis), leading to uncontrolled and accelerated cell division. Oncogenes can drive the cell cycle forward even in the absence of external growth signals, promoting the formation of tumours.
27. Mutations in tumor suppressor genes can lead to a loss or reduction of their normal function, resulting in a loss of inhibition on the cell cycle. In other words, mutated tumor suppressor genes are unable to effectively control or regulate cell growth and division. This can allow cells to proliferate uncontrollably and evade programmed cell death mechanisms, contributing to the development of tumours.
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(Complete question)
23. Cancer is an improperly regulated cell cycle. Name two reasons why cells can form tumours.
24. What causes uncontrolled cell division at the genetic level?
25. Watch the video clip. At the cellular level in this example, explain what occurs if the APC gene is mutated.
26.normally, proto-oncogenes stimulate the cell cycle. what do mutated proto-oncogenes (i.e., oncogenes) cause?
27.normally, tumour suppressor genes inhibit the cell cycle. what do mutated tumour suppressor genes cause?
Related Questions
Do mosquitoes spread the Zika virus to humans?
Answers
Answer: Yes
Explanation: the added species mosquito can spread the virus
Answer:
Zika virus is transmitted to people primarily through the bite of an infected mosquito. These are the same mosquitoes that spread dengue and chikungunya viruses.
Explanation:
forcibly removed hairs are most likely to provide useful dna evidence because they bear:
Answers
Forcibly removed hairs are most likely to provide useful DNA evidence because they bear the root, or hair follicle, which contains DNA-rich cells.
Specifically, the hair follicle contains the bulb of the hair, which surrounds the dermal papilla. The dermal papilla contains a high concentration of nucleated cells, including melanocytes, which produce pigment, and keratinocytes, which produce the hair shaft. Since the hair shaft itself is composed of dead, keratinized cells that do not contain DNA, it is the follicle that is the key source of DNA evidence in forcibly removed hairs. By analyzing the DNA extracted from the follicle cells, forensic investigators can compare it to known DNA samples to identify the individual who left the hair at the crime scene.
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In order for speciation to occur, organisms can no longer interbreed. this is known as____.
Answers
Reproductive isolation prevents different species from interbreeding and producing viable offspring, possibly due to differences in mating habits, geographical barriers, or genetic incompatibilities.
When two populations are reproductively isolated, they evolve independently and eventually become distinct species.
information about temperature, proprioception, and pressure from skin, joints, and; muscles is conveyed by
Answers
Sensory information about temperature, proprioception, and pressure from skin, joints, and muscles is conveyed by sensory neurons. Sensory neurons are specialised cells that detect and transmit sensory information to the brain.
Temperature is detected by thermoreceptors, which are sensitive to changes in temperature. Proprioception is the sense of the body’s position and movement. Sensory neurons detect information from muscles, tendons and joints to give the brain an awareness of the body’s position and movement.
Pressure is sensed by mechanoreceptors which detect physical contact and pressure. These receptors are located in the skin and can detect pressure, vibration and texture. They are also located in the joints and muscles and detect pressure and tension. All of this sensory information is then sent to the brain and processed. The brain then uses this information to coordinate movements, perform tasks, and maintain balance and posture.
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How does the nervous system influence the respiratory system? (1 point)
O regulates heart rate
O stimulates pathogen response
O controls muscle contraction
o regulates breathing rate
Answers
Answer:
The nervous system influence the respiratory system by regulating breathing rate.
Explanation:
The respiratory system is controlled by the nervous system, which consists of two branches - the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. In addition the respiratory centers of the brainstem is responsible for the regulation of breathing patterns.
Athletes in certain sports are at increased risk for developing eating disorders. These sports include
a) weight-class sports such as boxing or wrestling.
b) those where appearance is judged along with performance, such as gymnastics.
c) those where thinness is thought to lead to improved performance.
d) All the above
Answers
These sports include all the above, which are:a) Weight-class sports such as boxing or wrestling.b) Those where appearance is judged along with performance, such as gymnastics.c) Those where thinness is thought to lead to improved performance.
Athletes in certain sports are at an increased risk for developing eating disorders due to the pressure to perform well. The body image issues are closely associated with the athletes in certain sports. They often feel that they have to maintain a certain weight or body shape to perform well in their sport. Some sports require athletes to be in a specific weight class while others require athletes to have a specific appearance.
Thus, athletes in certain sports are at an increased risk for developing eating disorders.
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HELP WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST FOR CORRECT ANSWER
Which of the following would have the most negative effect on a community?
a. Random dispersion patterns
b. Low species diversity
c. Removal of a primary consumer
d. Removal of a keystone species chemical energy
Answers
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Without keystone species, the ecosystem would be dramatically different or cease to exist altogether.
What holds the two strands of the DNA double helix together?
A.Weak hydrogen bonds
B. Strong hydrogen bonds
C. Weak covalent bonds
D. Strong covalent bond
Answers
Answer:
B.Strong hydrogen bonds
Explanation:
The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule consists of two chains or strands of nucleotides that are held together in a double helix by hydrogen bonds between the bases of the nucleotides.
Which of the following statements about the cell cycle is false?(a) Once a cell decides to enter the cell cycle, the time from start to finish is the same in all eucaryotic cells.(b) An unfavorable environment can cause cells to arrest in G1.(c) A cell has more DNA during G2 than it did in G1.(d) The cleavage divisions that occur in an early embryo have short G1 and G2 phases.
Answers
The false statement about the cell cycle is: (a) Once a cell decides to enter the cell cycle, the time from start to finish is the same in all eucaryotic cells.
This statement is false because the duration of the cell cycle can vary among different cell types and under different conditions. For example, some cells may spend more time in a particular phase, such as G1, before progressing to the next phase. Additionally, certain external factors, such as nutrient availability or DNA damage, can also affect the duration of the cell cycle.
In reality, the time it takes for a eukaryotic cell to complete the cell cycle varies depending on the cell type and organism. Different cells have different requirements and may spend different amounts of time in each phase of the cell cycle.
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In simple dominance what is the result when a dominant allele pairs up with a recessive allele
a.) offspring display an intermediate form of the trait
b.)offspring display both forms of the trait
c.)the recessive form of the trait shows
d.)the dominant form of the trait shows
Answers
Answer:
D
Explanation:
(d) the dominant form of the trait shows, this is how simple dominance works.
(a) applies to incomplete dominance
(b) applies to codominance
(c) applies only when both alleles are recessive.
thirst is the body’s response to the need of energy? true or false
Answers
Answer:
True thirst is response to the need of energy
Explanation:
SORRY IF IM WRONG
Explanation:
osmotic thirst = caused by eating salty food. desire pure water. hypovolemic thirst = thirst caused by low volume. caused by loss of fluid through bleeding or sweating.
•Investigation
A student wants to investigate what different drinks are composed of in order to categorise them.
The drinks to be tested are:
- Orange Juice
- Lemon
- Coffee
- Tea
- Soda
•What data could be collected?
•What equipment is needed?
•Variables
- Independent: ???
- Dependent: ???
- Control: ???
Answers
To investigate the composition of various drinks, data collection could include examining pH levels, sugar content, caffeine content, vitamin C content, mineral content, caloric value and ingredient list.
What equipment is needed?The equipment needed for this investigation would be dependent on the tests required to collect different sets of data. To measure these variables one might consider using a pH meter for pH levels, refractometer for measuring sugar levels, spectrophotometer to gauge Vitamin C content in the drink while an atomic absorption spectrophotometer might best cater to testing mineral levels accurately.
Finally a calorimeter would be ideal in inspecting caloric value in these drinks. Proper comparison of the chemical makeup of different beverages requires implementation of a control as a reference point against which to measure differences in composition.
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Which of the following coordinate and control immune response?
B lymphocytes
T lymphocytes
antigens
antibodies
Answers
It says: T lymphocytes attack antigens directly and help control the immune response. They also release chemicals, which control the entire immune system....
Answer:
I think it is antigens but i am just guessing.
Explanation:
i don't know for certain that this is the right answer but regardless have a good day
which capacity is the sum of inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and tidal volume?
Answers
It is calculated by summing tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume. VC = TV+IRV+ERV.
The total lung capacity is the sum of inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and tidal volume.
What is lung capacity?Lung capacity is the amount of air that can be contained in the lungs after maximal inhalation. A set of different factors influence lung capacity, including the person's sex, age, height, weight, and overall health. Lung capacity measurements help physicians assess lung health and provide insight into the nature of an underlying lung disorder.
The following are the four types of lung volumes:
Tidal volume (TV): It is the amount of air breathed in or out during normal breathing.Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV): It is the amount of air that may be inhaled beyond the tidal volume when breathing in as much as feasible.Expiratory reserve volume (ERV): It is the amount of air that may be exhaled beyond the tidal volume when breathing out as much as feasible.Residual volume (RV): It is the amount of air that remains in the lungs after maximal exhalation.TLC is the sum of RV, TV, IRV, and ERV. In other words, it is the maximum amount of air the lungs can hold after inhaling as much as feasible.
TLC, however, cannot be measured directly, and it is calculated as a sum of the following lung volumes:
TV + IRV + ERV + RV = TLC.
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What type of questions can ice cores answer?
A. What the climate was like on earth in the past
B. Why the climate changed in the past
C.What type of wild-life lived on earth in those times
Answers
how do most protein machines, such as those involved in dna replication and protein synthesis, coordinate their activities? choose one: a. synthesis of protein subunits b. rapid hydrolysis of bound nucleoside triphosphates: atp or gtp c. breakdown of protein subunits d. formation of covalent bonds by dehydration between the protein subunits e. enzyme-mediated phosphorylation of the protein subunits
Answers
Answer:B
Explanation:
in order to understand how human behavior differs from the behavior of the animals most similar to humans, some biological anthropologists in the subfield of study animals such as apes, monkeys, and lemurs in their natural rain forest habitats.
Answers
The correct answer is primatology which is used to understand how human behaviour differs from the behaviour of the animals most similar to humans.
Primatology is the study of nonhuman primates' behaviour, biology, evolution, and taxonomy. The common interest in study subjects unites primatologists, but not necessarily uniformity in academic training. The scientific study of primates is known as primatology. Because we recognise the powerful influence of selective pressures operating over long periods of time on our human lineage, primatology is a research specialisation within the Department of Anthropology. Primatologists conduct field studies and experiments on both living and extinct primates in their natural habitats and in laboratories to better understand aspects of their evolution and behaviour.
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The complete question is:
In order to understand how human behavior differs from the behavior of the animals most similar to humans, some biological anthropologists in the subfield of ______ study animals such as apes, monkeys, and lemurs in their natural habitats.
What provides the heat that drives the formation of igneous and metamorphic rocks?
Answers
Answer:
Something known as magma chambers.
Explanation:
A magma chamber is a big blob of melted, liquid rock within the Continental Crust.
The rock under our feet (Continental Crust) is basically solid. At subduction zones, in particular, friction (or other) heat can melt the rock at the base of the Continental Crust, and then blobs of molten rock melt their way upwards into the Continental Crust. That’s a magma chamber.
Sometimes the magma chamber has vents leading up to the open air and the magma erupts as volcanoes. In that case, the magma chamber can empty out and the ground above collapses into it, making a hole called a caldera. But more often, the magma in the magma chamber cools down to form solid rock. Such slow-cooled rock will form crystals as it cools. One form of such crystalline rock is granite; cooled down former magma chambers now solid granite are called plutons or batholiths. Typically they will be several kilometres across, and later erosion may well expose them at the surface.
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Eddie
What
are pheromones? What evidence is there that pheromones may play a
role in the regulation of human menstrual cycles?
Answers
Answer: pheromones can be detected by the olfactory system although humans under develop and underrate their smelling sense. Pheromones may be present in all bodily secretions but most attention has been geared toward axillary sweat which contains the odorous 16-androstenes.
Why can yeast be considered a parasite?
Answers
This genotype represents which of the following phenotypes?
Genotype: AaBBCcDdXºXºSswwTT
a) black, white underparts, not agouti, female
b) black, white underparts, agouti/tiger, female
c) black, white underparts, agouti/tiger, male
Answers
The given genotypes represent black and white underparts, agouti/tiger, and female, So the correct option is Option B.
Genotype refers to the entirety of a person’s genetic makeup. It’s often used to describe a subset of alleles at one or a few specific loci.
A person’s genotype is the sequence of DNA that uniquely identifies a person’s genetic makeup. The term genotype is used to describe the two alleles that a person inherits for a specific gene. Phenotype – a patient’s clinical presentation – is the measurable expression of that genotype. The genotypic ratio is the percentage of a genotype that would be present in the progeny following a test cross.
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Many types of plants produce fruit which is eaten by animals. The seeds of these plants are typically undigestible. Which of the following is an advantage for plants having undigestible seeds? It allows seeds to reside in the gut until conditions are appropriate for germination. It ensures that flowers of these plants will be pollinated. It allows the seeds to be dispersed into other areas. It provides a source of nutrients for the germinating seed.
Answers
The advantage for plants having undigestible seeds is that it allows seeds to reside in the gut until conditions are appropriate for germination.
Fruits are a source of nutrition for animals that consume them, and they are also a means of seed distribution for plants that produce them. Many types of plants generate fruit that is consumed by animals; nevertheless, the seeds of such plants are usually indigestible. As a result, the seeds can be dispersed into new areas by animals that eat the fruit.
However, having undigestible seeds provides a distinct benefit to plants: it allows seeds to reside in the gut until conditions are appropriate for germination, which aids in seed growth and germination.
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What is the name of the organelle in the leaves of plants that absorbs the sun's energy?.
Answers
Answer:
The name is chloroplasts
Explanation:
Predict what will happen to a fish if its gills are torn after being caught in a net.
Answers
Answer:
It will die.
Explanation:
Fish need functional gills to live.
If the gills of the fish are torn after getting caught in a net, it will die due to lack of gaseous exchange.
What are gills?It is the gas exchange system in fishes. Like humans, aquatic species like fishes need respiration and the process of gas exchange in order to thrive. However, the solubility of the respiratory gases is very low in water, thus, fishes have evolved unique organs called gills, which are formed of many filaments covered heavily in lamellae.
The gill lamellae is the plate composition, which helps in increasing the intake of oxygen when the water flows over it. The gills comprises blood capillaries, and this composition of gills enhances the surface area for gas exchange to occur, and increases the rate of diffusion.
Thus, when gills get torn, the surface area for an efficient gas exchange reduces, and the fish dies due to lack of oxygen.
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Look at each of the following drawings and explain what rules the individuals are following what rules they are not foliowing correcty
Answers
Answer:18-hair not tied up 19-breathing in fumes 20- horsing around 21-distracted, I think
Explanation:
hope this helps
all of the following are ways domesticated plants differ from their wild ancestors except
Answers
One way domesticated plants differ from their wild ancestors is in their reduced genetic diversity due to human selection. Another difference is their increased reliance on human care for survival.
Additionally, domesticated plants often exhibit changes in physical traits such as size, shape, and color. However, one way domesticated plants do not differ from their wild ancestors is in their ability to reproduce and interbreed with wild populations.
Domesticated plants differ from their wild ancestors in several ways. One significant difference is a reduction in genetic diversity. Humans have selectively bred domesticated plants to possess desirable traits, resulting in a limited gene pool compared to their wild counterparts. This reduction in genetic diversity can make domesticated plants more vulnerable to diseases, pests, and environmental changes.
Another difference is the increased reliance of domesticated plants on human care for survival. Over generations of cultivation, domesticated plants have become adapted to human intervention, relying on humans for watering, fertilization, protection from predators, and other forms of care. They have lost some of the natural mechanisms that their wild ancestors possessed to survive in harsh environments or compete with other species.
Furthermore, domesticated plants often exhibit noticeable changes in physical traits. Humans have selectively bred plants to have specific characteristics such as larger fruit size, increased yield, altered color, or modified growth habits. These traits are often favored by humans for agricultural purposes but may not necessarily provide a survival advantage in the wild.
However, one way domesticated plants do not differ from their wild ancestors is their ability to reproduce and interbreed with wild populations. While domesticated plants may have undergone genetic changes through selective breeding, they can still mate and produce viable offspring with their wild relatives. This ability to interbreed is an important factor in maintaining genetic diversity in plant populations and ensuring their long-term survival.
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if the mitochondria were unharmed what would happen to the overall function of the plant cells?
Answers
Answer:
the cell would not able to break down waste but can replicate DNA
3. Consider the statement: "An individual with two normal copies of the hemoglobin gene is said to
be
Which of the following phrases could fill in the blank to make the statement true?
Write "yes" or "no" next to each possible response.
Answers
Answer:
C IS THE ANSWER
Explanation:
YOU MUST ANSWER C
Which is a producer?
A. rat
B. lizard
C. algae
D. human
Answers
Answer:C
Explanation:it’s second from the sun<3sorry i’m no help
Shivering occurs when skeletal muscle contracts in an attempt to restore normal body temperature. Intense shivering can lead to: Select one: a. hyperkalemia. b. kidney failure. c. destruction of muscl
Answers
Shivering can be considered an involuntary response to temperature changes in the environment.In terms of the choices given, the only correct answer would be C, that intense shivering can lead to the destruction of muscle. Hyperkalemia and kidney failure are both medical conditions that can be caused by various factors, but not by shivering.
Shivering occurs when skeletal muscle contracts in an attempt to restore normal body temperature. Intense shivering can lead to the destruction of muscle. The statement about shivering is true.The body temperature can drop due to a decrease in the ambient temperature, or a cold environment can lower the body temperature. The muscles will start to contract rapidly when the body's core temperature falls below a set point. These contractions help to generate heat in the body's core and return the body temperature to normal. Shivering can be considered an involuntary response to temperature changes in the environment.In terms of the choices given, the only correct answer would be C, that intense shivering can lead to the destruction of muscle. Hyperkalemia and kidney failure are both medical conditions that can be caused by various factors, but not by shivering.
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